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About Kidney Stone

A kidney stone, also known as a renal calculus or nephrolithiasis, is a solid mass that forms in the kidneys from minerals and other substances found in the urine. Kidney stones can vary in size, from tiny particles resembling grains of sand to larger formations that can be several centimeters in diameter.

These stones can develop when there is an imbalance in the concentration of minerals and salts in the urine, leading to the crystallization of these substances. There are several types of kidney stones, each formed from different combinations of minerals. The most common types include calcium stones (calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate), uric acid stones, and struvite stones (associated with urinary tract infections).

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Causes of Kidney Stone

Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake can lead to concentrated urine, increasing the likelihood of mineral crystallization.

Diet: Consuming foods high in oxalates (such as spinach, beets, chocolate) or purines (found in organ meats, certain fish) can contribute to stone formation. A high-sodium diet can also increase the risk.

Medical Conditions: Conditions like hyperparathyroidism, gout, urinary tract infections, and certain genetic disorders can make the body more prone to forming stones.

Family History: A history of kidney stones in your family might increase your susceptibility.

Obesity: Being overweight or obese can raise the risk of kidney stone formation.

Certain Medications: Some medications can increase the likelihood of stone formation.

Urinary Blockage: Conditions that hinder the normal flow of urine, such as enlarged prostate or urinary tract abnormalities, can contribute to stone formation.

Symptoms of Kidney Stone

Severe Pain: The most characteristic symptom is intense pain that typically starts in the back or side and radiates to the lower abdomen and groin. This pain, known as renal colic, comes and goes in waves and can be excruciating.

Blood in Urine: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, can occur due to the passage of the stone through the urinary tract.

Frequent Urination and Urgency: You might feel the need to urinate more often than usual and with a sense of urgency.

Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine: his could indicate the presence of an infection along with the stone.

How To Prevent Kidney Stone ?

Stay Hydrated: Drink enough water to produce light yellow urine.

Dietary Changes: Limit foods high in oxalates and purines, and reduce sodium intake.

Medications: Depending on the type of stone, your doctor might recommend medication to prevent future stones.

Medical Evaluation: If you've had kidney stones before, your doctor might recommend further evaluation to identify underlying causes.

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